SENIOR STAFF
Education
Ph.D., Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 1996
M.Sc., Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, 1987
B.Sc., Environmental Toxicology, University of Guelph (with honors), Ontario, 1986
Chris Mackay, M.Sc, Ph.D., CPM
Principal Toxicologist
Dr. Chris Mackay is a chemist and toxicologist with over 25 years of experience conducting site, product, and chemical safety assessments. Dr. Mackay has worked extensively in support of manufacturing, electronic, chemical, pesticide, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and other industries providing toxicological support in occupational, public health, and consumer safety.
Dr. Mackay has worked in the United States, EU, Canada, Australia, Japan, Iraq, and Korea developing programs and approaches to minimize the impact of products and processes to human health and the environment. This has involved holistic life cycle approaches for evaluating exposure and impact from the molecular to the global level.
Dr. Mackay has also been involved in providing chemical and toxicological support in compliance with regulatory requirements under various consumer, product, and environmental protection statutes in the United States, Canada, the European Union, and other national and international regulatory authorities. Dr. Mackay has also provided litigation support and has served as an expert witness in environmental and toxic tort as well as occupational injury and product liability cases.
Dr. Mackay has extensive experience in supporting commercial clients in both state actions and litigations as a consultant/expert witness. This includes cases of toxic trespass, personal injury, occupational hygiene, and Proposition 65. He has been intimately involved in a large number of projects characterizing the nature and composition of articles and preparations, evaluating interactions between the products and the consumer populations, quantifying the exposures to chemicals, and opining on the likelihood of adverse toxicological impact based on current scientific understandings.
Laurie R. Gneiding M.Sc., CPPS, CEP
Principal Toxicologist
Education
MSc. Environmental Toxicology, NJ Institute of Technology, Newark NJ, 1984
BA Biology, William Paterson College,
Wayne, NJ, 1978
Ms. Laurie Gneiding is Certified Professional Product Steward (CPPS) and Certified Environmental Professional (CEP) with over 39 years in product stewardship, toxicity evaluations, human health and ecological risk assessments, and safety compliance supporting both public and commercial/industrial clients for manufacturing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, medical devices, smelting, amongst other industries.
Ms. Gneiding has extensive experience providing toxicological support for European regulatory agencies (ECHA, EU EC, EEA, DEFRA, RIVM, UK EA) conducting PBT assessments, evaluated additivity and mutagenic modes of action for PAHs, researched carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive (CMRs) toxicants in childcare articles, and prepared policy briefs on the human health effects to chemicals (i.e., PBDEs, metals [mercury, chromium, cadmium], phthalates, bisphenol) in a circular economy.
She has supported commercial clients through the preparation of substance dossiers under REACH, PBT assessments, product classification and Safety Data Sheet preparation/evaluation under OSHA GHS, development of environmental quality standards and toxicity reference values for various chemicals and toxicity evaluations in consumer products under CA Proposition 65 and EU Regulations.
Ms. Gneiding has provided OSHA compliance support through OSHA audits for pharmaceutical, personal care, and various manufacturing facilities; safety program preparation and implementation, and safety training including HAZWOPER (40 hr, 24, hr, supervisor, annual, laboratory), Hazard Communication, Confined Space, and behavior based for Federal (Air Force, National Park Service, Army Corps of Engineers, US Post Office) and industrial clients and colleagues.
